Richard Bird and Shin-Cheng Mu. To appear in Journal of Functional Programming.
Consider the puzzle: given a number, remove k digits such that the resulting number is as large as possible. Various techniques were employed to derive a linear-time solution to the puzzle: predicate logic was used to justify the structure of a greedy algorithm, a dependently-typed proof assistant was used to give a constructive proof of the greedy condition, and equational reasoning was used to calculate the greedy step as well as the final, linear-time optimisation.